Terabit indoor laser-based wireless communications : LiFi 2.0 for 6G

This paper provides a summary of available technologies required for implementing indoor laser-based wireless networks capable of achieving aggregate data-rates of terabits per second as widely accepted as a sixth generation (6G) key performance indicator. The main focus of this paper is on the technologies supporting the near infrared region of the optical spectrum. The main challenges in the design of the transmitter and receiver systems and communication/networking schemes are identified and new insights are provided. This paper also covers the previous and recent standards as well as industrial applications for optical wireless communications (OWC) and LiFi

An Industrial View on LiFi Challenges and Future

International audienceLight-Fidelity (LiFi) is becoming increasingly popular in both academic and industrial circles. Therefore, several companies developing LiFi products, among which Oledcomm, have emerged over the past few years so that market feedback is now available. In this paper, the recurring feedback we identified, as LiFi vendor, are first detailed. The main use cases and existing products are then reviewed, with a specific focus on the LiFiMAX solution for secure indoor networking. Finally, ongoing standardization and ecosystem development initiatives are discussed, along with some of the major technical challenges that remain

OWC channel measurement testbed building in indoor environment with m-CAP modulation

International audienceIn recent years, with the rapid deployment of 5G and the planning for future 6G multi-network convergence, interest in optical wireless communication (OWC) technology as a promising complementary technology to Radio Frequency (RF) technology has gained new impetus. In this paper, aiming at the OWC communication system, an indoor OWC channel measurement testbed is built to measure the infrared (IR) channel under the testbed and evaluate its communication performance. Through experiments, the channel response of the IR device is measured. The OWC channel measurement testbed can achieve a data rate above 16Mbps, with the minimum value of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 18.8338%, and the minimum value of Bit Error Ratio (BER) 0.0301. According to the Digital Cinema System Specification (DCSS) issued by Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI), the system meets the transmission standard of 4K radio

Simultaneous Visible Light Communication and Distance Measurement Based on the Automotive Lighting

International audienceVisible light communication could be an interesting complement to the IEEE 802.11p-based vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems that are sensitive to interferences and delays in dense traffic scenarios such as platooning. Visible light could also provide a redundant distance measure that is crucial for path control in this application. In this paper, a system called visible light communication rangefinder and performing simultaneously vehicle-to-vehicle communication and range-finding using the headlamps and taillights is proposed for the first time. By exchanging a clock signal contained in Manchester-encoded signals, both the following and leading vehicles can share information and estimate their inter-distance through phase-shift measurement. The system is first presented theoretically and it is shown in particular that the Doppler effect has no significant impact on both functions. Then, it is modeled and validated using Simulink. Finally, both the range-finding and communication function are validated experimentally. The range-finding function is functional up to 25 m, and has a resolution of around 24 cm at 10 m, whereas the communication function provides a 500 kbps link with a BER below 10 −6 up to 30 m

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Phase-Shift Rangefinder Based on the Automotive Lighting

International audience—Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) distance measurement is at the heart of the trajectory control performed by the vehicles forming an automated platoon. Although several technologies like radar or lidar are already used with great benefits in such applications, they suffer from interference issues justifying the need of redundant sensors. In this paper, a proof of concept of a visible light rangefinder based on the headlamps and taillights of two consecutive vehicles is brought for the first time. The following vehicle sends with its headlamps a square wave that is received, reconstructed and sent back by the preceding vehicle with its taillights. This echo is received and reconstructed by the following vehicle, and finally compared with the initial signal in order to extract the phase-shift in which the V2V distance is contained. A prototype of this system is built using off-the-shelf components and tested for performance evaluation. It is shown that distance measurement is functional up to 25 m and that the measurement resolution is around 24 cm at 10 m, a distance typical for platoons in cruise mode, and with a refresh rate of 506 Hz

Performance d'un module photovoltaïque pour la collecte d'énergie et les communications optique sans fil

International audienceIn this article, we present the simulation model of a photovoltaic module (PVM) used in an optical wireless communication system for both data reception and energy harvesting. A light-emitting diode placed at the center of a 4×4×2.85 m room transmits a 10 kbps Manchester-encoded onoff keying data stream, that is received and decoded by a PVM moving across a reception plane 2 m from the source. We obtained a null bit error rate whatever the PVM position, and a maximum harvested power of 0.42 mW.Dans cet article, nous présentons le modèle de simulation d'un module photovoltaïque (PVM) utilisé dans un système de communication optique sans fil pour la réception de données et la collecte d'énergie. Une diode électroluminescente placée au centre d'une pièce de 4×4×2,85 m transmet un flux de données de 10 kbps codé en On Off Keying à la Manchester, qui est reçu et décodé par un PVM se déplaçant sur un plan de réception à 2 m de la source. Nous avons obtenu un taux d'erreur binaire nul quelle que soit la position du PVM, et une puissance maximale récoltée de 0,42 mW

Experimental comparison of pulse-amplitude and spatial modulations for vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication in platoon configurations

International audienceVisible light communication (VLC) is an attractive complementary communication technology for vehicular applications such as platooning. Although data rates around 100 kbps are enough for crucial data transmission, it may be useful to reach a few megabits per second for other applications like networking. Such data rates can be reached by using appropriate modulations and clock rates. In this paper, three forms of pulse amplitude modulations (PAM) are compared in a vehicular context: on-off keying (OOK), PAM-4 and generalized space-shift keying (GSSK). A prototype based on off-the-shelf light-emitting diodes (LED) headlamps is used for static tests in straight line configuration, with an inter-vehicle distance up to 30 m, and curves of minimum radius 100 m and inter-vehicle distance of 10 m. These tests show that OOK and GSSK are the most interesting modulations for highway platooning applications. OOK provides indeed a good mobility while remaining simple to implement. A 1 Mbps link of BER below 10 −6 is thus demonstrated. In GSSK, the data rate reaches 2 Mbps for an equivalent BER. These performances are obtained by using, in particular, two spatially distinct receivers, which limits strongly the complexity of GSSK decoding

Visible Light Phase-Shift Rangefinder for Platooning Applications

International audienceVehicle positioning and environment awareness are key components in new intelligent transportation systems (ITS) which explains the growing demand in distance sensors. Though several efficient technologies already exist, the growing automation of vehicle requires sensors redundancy. In this paper, we introduce a new, simple and low cost distance measurement scheme using the headlamps and taillights of the vehicles. The following vehicle (FV) emits a periodic signal toward the leading vehicle (LV) which receives, processes and re-emits it. The FV then exploits the phase-shift introduced by this round trip to recover the distance. A complete simulation model is built and tested. This study shows that our system is able to measure distances up to 25 meters with a resolution under 10 centimeters, and up to 30 meters with a 30 centimeters resolution, at a refresh rate of 267 Hz. Even if the regulated optical power and beam limits the range of such a system, it is particularly suited for platooning applications where vehicles are close

Suitability of visible light communication for platooning applications: An experimental study

International audienceVehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is a core brick of the smart vehicle, especially in highway platooning configurations where it enables the lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle trajectory. Although very attractive, the radio systems based on the IEEE 802.11p standard that are classically used for vehicular communication suffer from serious performance degradations in dense traffic scenario, especially in terms of transmission latency. Visible light communication (VLC) has thus been proposed as a complementary technology. In this work, a simple VLC system, based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) light-emitting diodes (LED) headlamps and taillights, is presented and tested in several configurations in order to evaluate its compatibility with platooning. It is shown that the system provides, at a data rate of 100 kbps, a bit error rate (BER) below 10 −6 up to 30 m using either the front or back lamps. In addition, the transmission latency is evaluated at 4.2 ms and it is found that a jamming vehicle overtaking the platoon would not cause any performance degradation. These results thus confirm the interest of VLC for platooning